EN 12544-1-1999 无损检验.X射线管电压的测量和评估.第1部分:分压器法

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【英文标准名称】:Non-destructivetesting-MeasurementandevaluationoftheX-raytubevoltage-Part1:Voltagedividermethod;GermanversionEN12544-1:1999
【原文标准名称】:无损检验.X射线管电压的测量和评估.第1部分:分压器法
【标准号】:EN12544-1-1999
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1999-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:欧洲标准学会(EN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:射线摄影;电压;解释;直流电压;方法;X射线电子管;无损检验;无损伤的;测量;材料试验;高电压;X射线;辐射防护;X射线设备;分压器;电压测量;试验;对比度;图象质量
【英文主题词】:Contrast(optical);Directvoltage;Highvoltage;Imagequality;Interpretations;Materialstesting;Measurement;Methods;Non-destructive;Non-destructivetesting;Radiationprotection;Radiographs;Testing;Voltage;Voltagedividers;Voltagemeasuring;X-rayplants;X-raytubes;X-rays
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:H26
【国际标准分类号】:19_100
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforSofteningPointofPitches(MettlerSofteningPointMethod)
【原文标准名称】:硬沥青软化点的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD3104-1999
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1999
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:硬沥青(石油产品);试验;沥青;施工材料;沥青制品;软化点;防水材料;水密材料;建筑
【英文主题词】:Bitumens;Bituminousproducts;Construction;Constructionmaterials;Pitch(petroleumproduct);Softeningpoint;Testing;Waterproofingmaterials
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:E43
【国际标准分类号】:93_080_20
【页数】:6P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Industrialcommunicationnetworks-Fieldbusspecifications-Part5-2:Applicationlayerservicedefinition—Type2elements
【原文标准名称】:工业通讯网络.现场总线规范.应用层服务定义.2型元件
【标准号】:BSEN61158-5-2-2008
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2008-06-30
【实施或试行日期】:2008-06-30
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:应用层;应用;总线系统;总线;电路网络;通信;计算机应用;计算机控制;控制;控制设备;控制系统;控制工艺学;数据总线;数据通信;数据交换;数据传输线;数据连接系统;数据网络;数据处理;数据服务;数据传送;数据传输控制规程;定义;数字的;数字数据;数字工程;电子数据处理;电气工程;电子仪器;电子系统;现场总线;制导系统;工业的;工业设施;信息交换;信息处理;信息技术;接口(数据处理);开放系统互连;操作技术;OSI;过程控制工程;服务;规范;规范(验收);传输媒质
【英文主题词】:Applicationlayer;Applications;Bussystems;Buses(dataprocessing);Circuitnetworks;Communication;Computerapplications;Computerizedcontrol;Control;Controlequipment;Controlsystems;Controltechnology;Databus;Datacommunication;Dataexchange;Dataline;Datalinksystem;Datanetwork;Dataprocessing;Dataservices;Datatransfer;Datatransmissioncontrolprocedures;Definition;Definitions;Digital;Digitaldata;Digitalengineering;EDP;Electricalengineering;Electronicinstruments;Electronicsystems;Englishlanguage;Fieldbus;Guidancesystems;Industrial;Industrialfacilities;Informationinterchange;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;Interfaces(dataprocessing);Opensystemsinterconnection;Operationaltechniques;OSI;Processcontrolengineering;Services;Specification;Specification(approval);Transmissionmedia
【摘要】:1.1OverviewThisstandardprovidescommonelementsforbasictime-criticalandnon-time-criticalmessagingcommunicationsbetweenapplicationprogramsinanautomationenvironmentandmaterialspecifictoType2fieldbus.Theterm“time-critical”isusedtorepresentthepresenceofatime-window,withinwhichoneormorespecifiedactionsarerequiredtobecompletedwithsomedefinedlevelofcertainty.Failuretocompletespecifiedactionswithinthetimewindowrisksfailureoftheapplicationsrequestingtheactions,withattendantrisktoequipment,plantandpossiblyhumanlife.Thepurposeofthisstandardistodefinetheservicesprovidedto1)theFALuserattheboundarybetweentheuserandtheapplicationlayerofthefieldbusreferencemodel,and2)SystemsManagementattheboundarybetweentheapplicationlayerandSystemsManagementofthefieldbusreferencemodel.ThisstandardspecifiesthestructureandservicesoftheType2fieldbusapplicationlayer,inconformancewiththeOSIBasicReferenceModel(ISO/IEC7498)andtheOSIapplicationlayerstructure(ISO/IEC9545).FALservicesandprotocolsareprovidedbyFALapplication-entities(AE)containedwithintheapplicationprocesses.TheFALAEiscomposedofasetofobject-orientedapplicationserviceelements(ASEs)andalayermanagemententity(LME)thatmanagestheAE.TheASEsprovidecommunicationservicesthatoperateonasetofrelatedapplicationprocessobject(APO)classes.OneoftheFALASEsisamanagementASEthatprovidesacommonsetofservicesforthemanagementoftheinstancesofFALclasses.Althoughtheseservicesspecify,fromtheperspectiveofapplications,howrequestandresponsesareissuedanddelivered,theydonotincludeaspecificationofwhattherequestingandrespondingapplicationsaretodowiththem.Thatis,thebehavioralaspectsoftheapplicationsarenotspecified;onlyadefinitionofwhatrequestsandresponsestheycansend/receiveisspecified.ThispermitsgreaterflexibilitytotheFALusersinstandardizingsuchobjectbehavior.Inadditiontotheseservices,somesupportingservicesarealsodefinedinthisstandardtoprovideaccesstotheFALtocontrolcertainaspectsofitsoperation.1.2SpecificationsTheprincipalobjectiveofthisstandardistospecifythecharacteristicsofconceptualapplicationlayerservicessuitablefortime-criticalcommunications,andthussupplementtheOSIBasicReferenceModelinguidingthedevelopmentofapplicationlayerprotocolsfortimecriticalcommunications.Asecondaryobjectiveistoprovidemigrationpathsfrompreviously-existingindustrialcommunicationsprotocols.ItisthislatterobjectivewhichgivesrisetothediversityofservicesstandardizedasthevariousTypesofIEC61158,andthecorrespondingprotocolsstandardizedinsubpartsofIEC61158-6.Thisspecificationmaybeusedasthebasisforformalapplicationprogramminginterfaces.Nevertheless,itisnotaformalprogramminginterface,andanysuchinterfacewillneedtoaddressimplementationissuesnotcoveredbythisspecification,includinga)thesizesandoctetorderingofvariousmulti-octetserviceparameters,andb)thecorrelationofpairedrequestandconfirm,orindicationandresponse,primitives.1.3ConformanceThisstandarddoesnotspecifyindividualimplementationsorproducts,nordoesitconstraintheimplementationsofapplicationlayerentitieswithinindustrialautomationsystems.Thereisnoconformanceofequipmenttothisapplicationlayerservicedefinitionstandard.Instead,conformanceisachievedthroughimplementationofconformingapplicationlayerprotocolsthatfulfilltheType2applicationlayerservicesasdefinedinthisstandard.
【中国标准分类号】:L79
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_70;35_160;35_240_50
【页数】:192P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语